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    <depositor>
      <depositor_name>Radio Cosmology Research Laboratory</depositor_name>
      <email_address>[email protected]</email_address>
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    <registrant>Hyperjournal</registrant>
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        <full_title>Hyperscience International Journal</full_title>
        <abbrev_title>hij</abbrev_title>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2821-3300</issn>
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      <journal_issue>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>02</month>
          <day>26</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <journal_volume>
          <volume>6</volume>
        </journal_volume>
        <issue>1</issue>
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        <titles>
          <title>An Exploratory Framework for Gravitation and ‎‎Electrodynamics: A Lagrangian-Hamiltonian Perspective</title>
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        <contributors>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="first" language="en">
            <given_name>James Russell</given_name>
            <surname>Farmer ‎</surname>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional" language="en">
            <given_name>Muhammad Aslam</given_name>
            <surname>Musakhail ‎</surname>
          </person_name>
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          <jats:p>This paper presents an exploratory, force-based framework for gravitation and ‎electrodynamics, motivated by a correspondence between Musakhail's aether dynamics ‎and Einsteinian special relativity. These two perspectives are interpreted through the lens of ‎Lagrangian-Hamiltonian duality, wherein force-based formulations (Lagrangian) and ‎energy-based formulations (Hamiltonian) are treated as complementary descriptions of ‎underlying physical dynamics. The aims of this work are threefold. First, to develop a force-‎based interpretation of gravitational interactions by examining Musakhail's force relation, ‎F=c^2 (m-m_0 ) in parallel with the relativistic energy expression, E^2=(pc)^2+‎‎(m_0 c^2 )^2 highlighting their dual structure. Second, to introduce and analyze two ‎exploratory electromagnetic four-vectors (J·E,E×B) and (ħω,v×B) employing an ‎extremization principle as a heuristic tool for investigating structural analogies between ‎dissipation, Poynting flux, and Lorentz-force dynamics. Third, to explore a minimal-scale ‎electro-gravitational correspondence through helical flux-tube geometries and a constant-‎mass acceleration mechanism, suggesting possible shared features between fermionic ‎transport and electromagnetic field configurations. The extremization procedure, in which ‎the scalar component of a four-vector is set equal to the magnitude of its vector ‎component, is applied heuristically to reveal formal parallels rather than to derive rigorous ‎field equations. Within this phenomenological model, gravitational interactions are ‎considered as collective nuclear-scale force processes, while electromagnetic energy ‎transport is examined through Lorentz-force cancellation and Poynting-flow relations. The ‎helical flux-tube structures provide a unifying geometric motif, with effective tension ‎identified with Newtonian gravitational force. This work is intended as a conceptual and ‎phenomenological exploration rather than a replacement for established relativistic field ‎theories. Its physical relevance depends on further mathematical development and ‎empirical validation. Several qualitative, testable consequences are outlined to motivate ‎future theoretical refinement and experimental assessment.‎</jats:p>
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        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>02</month>
          <day>23</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>1</first_page>
          <last_page>12</last_page>
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          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ai:license_ref>
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          <doi>10.55672/hij2026pp1-12</doi>
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