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<doi_batch version="4.4.2" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.2" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/4.4.2 http://www.crossref.org/schema/deposit/crossref4.4.2.xsd">
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<doi_batch_id>-5171ffc0182b6af927f-6b31</doi_batch_id>
<timestamp>20220908021432386</timestamp>
<depositor>
  <depositor_name>hyperscienceij@gmail.com:rcrl</depositor_name> 
  <email_address>hyperscienceij@gmail.com</email_address>
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<journal_metadata>   <full_title>Hyperscience International Journals</full_title>   <abbrev_title>HIJ</abbrev_title>   <issn media_type='electronic'>28213300</issn> </journal_metadata> <journal_issue>  <publication_date media_type='online'>     <month>09</month>     <year>2022</year>   </publication_date>   <journal_volume>     <volume>2</volume>   </journal_volume>   <issue>3</issue> </journal_issue><!-- ============== --> <journal_article publication_type='full_text'>   <titles>     <title>The Emergence of Quarks/Anti-Quarks</title>   </titles>   <contributors>      <organization sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>1-8-27, Sakuraoka, Tyuuou-ku, Saitama City, Saitama-kenn, 338-0005, Japan</organization>    <person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>      <given_name>Naohiro</given_name>      <surname>Ozawa</surname>      <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-9460</ORCID>    </person_name>  </contributors>    <jats:abstract xml:lang='en'>         <jats:p>In clarifying the entirety of the universe, the most important processes are the emergence of the universe and the ‎formation of quarks/anti-quarks. The entirety of the universe has emerged in a causal and consecutive manner. ‎According to the Standard Model, from the dawn of the universe, particles such as 3 pairs of neutrinos (v_µ ⁄ v ̅_µ , ‎v_e ⁄ v ̅_e , v_τ ⁄ v ̅_τ ) and 6 pairs of quarks (U/U ̅,d/d ̅ , s/s ̅ , c/c ̅ , b/b ̅ , t/t ̅ ) suddenly emerged with different ‎components not due to causality but due to &quot;vacuum phase transitions&quot; with no space existing in the universe. In ‎this research paper, we must first assume that quarks/anti-quarks are formed inextricably linked with the ‎organization of space-time/anti-space-time and in cooperation with 2 pairs of neutrinos (v_µ ⁄ v ̅_µ , v_e ⁄ v ̅_e ) in ‎the acting of the &quot;strong interaction&quot; and &quot;weak interaction.&quot; We must also assume that quarks/anti-quarks are the ‎main body that composes the π- on group ( π^+, π^-, π^±, π^0 ) and the nucleon group ( P, P ̅, n , n ̅ ), and ‎that they play the leading role to compose not only 120 types of atomic nuclei, but also all the ‎particles/antiparticles that exist in the entire universe. In other words, the formed quarks/anti-quarks must clear any ‎and all problems in the above series without any contradictions. This research paper will make clear details such as ‎the fact that only 2 pairs of quarks (U/U ̅ , d ⁄ d ̅ ), were formed; that in the entirety of the universe, only these 2 ‎pairs of quarks were given electrical charges; and that the raw materials of space-time/anti-space-time are the same ‎as quarks/anti-quarks.‎</jats:p>     </jats:abstract>  <publication_date media_type='online'>     <month>09</month>     <year>2022</year>   </publication_date>   <pages>     <first_page>83</first_page>     <last_page>88</last_page>   </pages>   <doi_data>     <doi>10.55672/hij2022pp83-88</doi>     <resource>https://hscience.org/index.php/hij/article/view/27</resource>   </doi_data> </journal_article>
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