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<head>
  <doi_batch_id>ac62d211980281920e-96f</doi_batch_id>
  <timestamp>20250713200014390</timestamp>
  <depositor>
    <depositor_name>hyperscienceij@gmail.com:rcrl</depositor_name>
    <email_address>hyperscienceij@gmail.com</email_address>
  </depositor>
  <registrant>WEB-FORM</registrant>
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<body>
  <journal>
    <journal_metadata>
  <full_title>Hyperscience International Journals</full_title>
  <abbrev_title>HIJ</abbrev_title>
  <issn media_type='electronic'>28213300</issn>
</journal_metadata>
<journal_issue>
  <publication_date media_type='online'>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
  </publication_date>
  <journal_volume>
    <volume>5</volume>
  </journal_volume>
  <issue>2</issue>
</journal_issue><!-- ============== -->
<journal_article publication_type='full_text'>
  <titles>
  <title>Revising Electrodynamics: New Perspectives on Molecular Bonding in Chemistry</title>
  </titles>
  <contributors>
    <organization sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>Independent Researcher, Pakistan</organization>
    <person_name sequence='first' contributor_role='author'>
     <given_name>Muhammad Aslam</given_name>
      <surname>Musakhail</surname>
      <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-2907</ORCID>
    </person_name>
    <person_name sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>
      <given_name>James Russell</given_name>
      <surname>Farmer</surname>
      <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-8835</ORCID>
    </person_name>
   <organization sequence='additional' contributor_role='author'>Independent Researcher, 10 William Ave, Greenlane, Auckland 1051, New Zealand</organization>
  </contributors>
  <jats:abstract xml:lang='en'>
    <jats:p>This paper proposes a radical reinterpretation of electron dynamics in atoms, arguing for a fundamental revision of both Bohr and Schrödinger atomic models. Introducing the concept of a "Reverse Higgs process," the authors suggest that electrons can lose their rest mass and propagate at the speed of light as massless entities on electromagnetic or so-called "ghost" waves. The work challenges conventional quantum mechanical views of the radial wavefunction ψ(R), proposing instead that ψ(R) represents a constant orbital size rather than a probabilistic distribution. The authors present a geometric reinterpretation of orbital shapes using twisted rope analogies to explain transitions between s-, p-, d-, and f-orbitals, emphasizing that space-time curvature naturally leads to orbital quantization. By distinguishing between ghost waves and true electromagnetic waves, the study further argues that electron trajectories are well-defined rather than probabilistic clouds, effectively reinterpreting quantum entanglement and spin. Ultimately, the paper claims to complete Einstein’s theory of special relativity and suggests a unified framework for understanding electron propagation, molecular bonding, and the structure of complex molecules. This new perspective has implications for foundational physics and chemistry, challenging longstanding interpretations and proposing an alternative geometric and dynamic basis for atomic and molecular behavior.</jats:p>
  </jats:abstract>
<publication_date media_type='online'>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
  </publication_date>  <pages>
  <first_page>41</first_page>
  <last_page>50</last_page>
  </pages>
  <doi_data>
  <doi>10.55672/hij2025pp41-50</doi>
  <resource>https://hscience.org/index.php/hij/article/view/166</resource>
  </doi_data>
</journal_article>
  </journal>
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